The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between child’s secure attachment and factors of maternal behavior.60 mother-child clusters were randomly selected from mothers who had at least one child within the age range of 1-5. The data gathering instruments included two questionnaires: attachment Q-Sort (AQS) and Maternal Behavior Rating Scale.Prototype and hierarchical regression analysis (stepwise) were used to analyze the collected data.Results showed that there are positive and significant relationships between secure attachment of a child and factors of maternal behavior.Also, analyzing the subscales indicated that there are positive and significant relationships between the child’s secure attachment and sensitivity, warmth and joy in the maternal behavior.

The aim of this study was to examine heart rate responses to attachment-related film clips in secure attachment individuals and comparing them to those with insecure attachment. The study was a quasi- experimental design. Thirty students aged between 18 and 30 (15 students with secure attachment style, 15 students with insecure attachment style) were selected by convenience sampling method. The Adult attachment Questionnaire (AAQ; Hazan & Shaver, 1987) was used to assess participants’ attachment styles. The heart rate (HR) reactivity of participants was monitored during eight Iranian attachment-related film clips by electrocardiogram (ECG).The results of independent t-test indicated that participants with insecure attachment had significantly lower HR reduction than participants with secure attachment during the three intense emotional weight and negative content film clips. Additionally, participants with insecure attachment had significantly lower HR reduction on the two low emotional weight and positive content film clips than participants with secure attachment. We also found the HR reactivity of individuals with insecure attachment styles was significantly higher than secure individuals during resting phase. The implications of high level of arousal and low level of emotion regulation in individuals with insecure attachment styles were discussed.

Behaviorists believe that the need for attachment is a prerequisite need and many aspects related to it are innate. Therefore, mother and child attachment is more than nutritional needs during infancy. Early interactions between parents and infants seem to be the basis for future interactions and other behaviors in childhood, adolescence and even adulthood. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the implications of secure and insecure attachment of mother and child. This study is a review which to compile it, search was conducted in database such as Google scholar and more specially databases such as MEDLINE, SID (Scientific Information Database), Magiran, PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct and Cochrane with using the keywords such as secure attachment, insecure attachment, mother and child and attachment implications. First, 78 articles were searched, after abstracts screening stage, 44 articles were excluded from the research due to lack of their relevance or repetition. Finally, 34 articles were used to write this review article. The findings of this study lead to the classification of the contents in four main categories as follows: 1-Short-term implications of mother and child secure attachment (feeling security, preparing for social challenges, creating positive relationships with peers, facilitating learning of social interactions and emotional adjustment skills, self-efficacy, collaboration with adults, improvement memory performance, academic achievement, problem solving skills and stress reduction), 2-Long-term implications of mother and child secure attachment (performing more aerobic exercise, less smoking, narcotics or alcohol, more healthy eating habits, better sleep habits, using more safety belts, less indecency and immorality in sex), 3-Short term implications of mother and child insecure attachment (anxiety, fear and panic, negative social-emotional growth such as rape, hostility, social retardation, physical health side effects such as growth disorder, eating disorder), 4. Long-term implications of mother and child insecure attachment (kleptomania, lying, sexual obsessions, sadism, negative perception to parental support). Considering the short-term and long-term effects of attachment, it can be stated that by identifying the factors of maternal behavior which affecting the attachment and training of mothers and providing opportunities for attachment of children, we can help to increase the growth of the secure attachment.

This study was undertaken to compare social adjustment and academic achievement of female children with secure and insecure attachment patterns. The research type was descriptive, causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all 10-12-year-old elementary school girls in Tehran in academic year 2014-2015. The statistical sample consisted of 205 students who were selected through multistage cluster sampling method. The instrumentation comprised Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters, Ronaghi’s attachment Scale of Middle Childhood as well as Dortaj’s Academic Performance Questionnaire. For the purpose of data analysis, independent samples t-test and multivariate analysis of variance were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between attachment styles, social adjustment, and academic achievement of children with secure and insecure attachment patterns (p<0.001) and the highest level of social adjustment and academic performance was observed among children with secure attachment style. It can be concluded that attachment styles influence children's academic performance and social adjustment and strengthening parent-child relationships can boost children’s social adjustment and academic performance.